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Pre-Contact
First Migrations:- How Native
Americans first came to Western Hemisphere. Migration Map.
1540
Jesuit Ministry Founded secured a strong
foothold :-in both South and North America by the end of the seventeenth
century. However, while the Jesuits believed they were making significant
headway in the conversion of Indians to Christianity, the Indians continued to
cling to their multilayered beliefs
1595
Pocahontas :-Approx. birth date of Daughter of Powhatan, and the most
famous Native American woman in American History
1600 - 1675
Exploration and Settlement (Texas).
1675-1800
Exploration and Settlement (Texas)
1621
Treaty the Wampanoag tribe :-Massasoit,
also known as Ousamequin, or "yellow feather," was a chief of the
Wampanoag tribe. Massasoit signed a peace treaty with the Pilgrims on March
22,1621
1621
Samoset signs treaty :-Samoset
signed the first land deed in America, ceding close to twelve thousand acres to
the new arrivals..Samoset greets pilgrims.
1621
1622
Opechancanough and Pamunkey War :- Opechancanough, uncle to Pocahontas and
brother to Powhatan, decided to attack colonists after seeing their pattern of encroaching
on Native Lands. Engraving shows an encounter between the chief and Captain
John Smith).
1637
Pequot War :- The Pequot Indians, once a powerful
tribe, controlled all of Connecticut east of the Connecticut River. Their
influence diminished after war with colonists.
1643
Dictionary of the Algonquian language
published :- London-born Roger
Williams (c.1603-1683), published a dictionary of the Algonquian language, an
endeavor which helped further friendly relations between the settlers and the
Narragansetts.Roger Williams and the Narragansett Indians.
1673
Marquette charts the Mississippi River :- In 1672, Louis Joliet, a former Jesuit,
arrived with orders for Marquette to explore the region south of Lake Michigan.
Joliet and Marquette set off in May of 1673 and with the help of Indian guides,
charted the Mississippi River as far south as the Arkansas River.(Jacques
Marquette (1636-75)
1676
End of King Phillip's War :- Metacom, known as King Philip, was
chief of the Wampanoag Indians. Fought European settlers after initially living
peaceful coexistance
1682
Delaware Native Americans sign Treat
with William Penn :- In 1682,
William Penn, who was an Englishman and a devout Quaker, signed a treaty with
the Delaware Indians. The agreement was suppost to protect the Delawares'
rights to the land as well as their freedom of religion.
1704
British Settlement in Massachusetts
Attacked The French, :- supported by Canadian and midwestern Indians, sporadically
raided New England settlements during what came to be called Queen Anne's War,
after the British monarch.
1711 - 1713
Tuscarora War :-The Tuscaroras, related to the Iroquois,
lived in North Carolina, where they maintained friendly relations with the
colonists. Trouble began when the white settlers began to take advantage of the
Tuscaroras, encroaching on their farmland, cheating them in trades, and in some
cases kidnapping and selling their children into slavery. In retaliation,
Tuscarora warriors, under Chief Hancock, raided white villages in 1711. The war
quickly escalated. In a final standoff, Colonel James Moore led his men, aided
by Yamasee Indians, into the Tuscarora village of Neoheroka in 1713, killing
and capturing one thousand inhabitants.
1720 - 1769
Chief Pontiac Pontiac was born :-around 1720 in what is now northern Ohio.
At the age of thirty-five, he became chief of the Ottawas, and an influential
Indian leader in the Woodlands region. Pontiac organized the series of attacks known
as Pontiac's Rebellion or Pontiac's Conspiracy. He made peace with the British
in1766. Three years later he died, probably murdered by an Indian in the pay of
the British
1729
Natchez War :-The French
settled in the lower Mississippi River area in the mid-1600s. This area was
home to the Natchez, and relations between the two cultures were peaceful until
1729, when a land dispute over the location of Louisiana governor Sieur
Chepart's plantation resulted in war
1734
Tomochichi, Creek leader, visits England :-Creek tribe remained peaceful with mostly
British settlers in Georgia Territory
1735
Pequots Petition Connecticut Govenor :-In 1655, the Pequot were resettled onto a
strip of land near New Haven. Colonists had encroached so severely on the Indians'
land, cutting down their timber and stealing their crops, that the Pequots
petitioned Governor Joseph Talcott for help
1739
Fort built is site of trading and
councils :-for Mohawk tribe
Irishman, Sir William Johnson befriended Mohawk tribe in New York region. Fort
shows here was site of trading, councils, and Mohawk delegations
1742-1807
Joseph Brant, Mohawk chief Joseph Brant
helped gain Indian support for British in the French and Indian War (1754-1763) :-. He assisted
British against the Americans in the Revolution and eventually settled in
Otario region of Canada.
1754-1763
French and Indian War :-The French and Indian War was the
culmination of French efforts to drive British fur traders out of the Ohio
Valley. British initially were ill equipped to fight in the wilderness but
British eventually emerged victorious.
1755
Battle of Lake George :- ( Hendrick,
or Tiyanoga the Great (c.1680-1755), was renowned Mohawk chief Helped British
in French and Indian war but was killed in Battle of Lake George.
1760
Cherokees and British Clash :-Cherokees
generally sided with British in the French and Indian War, but dispute broke
out in 1760 over group of wild horses. Englishmen killed Cherokee which incited
Chief Oconostota to make raids on British settlements. British retaliated with
"scorched earth" policy. Later, to relieve tensions, King George III
invited delegation to England.
1762
Cherokee Cheifs visit England :-The Cherokee
delegation that arrived in London in 1762 gave the English their first real
look at natives from the New World. Although Londoners at the time prided
themselves on their stylish dress, the Cherokee were more exotic than anything
they had seen before
1763
Pontiac's Rebellion The Treaty of Paris, :-signed in 1763,
ended the French and Indian War. It also gave large tracts of Algonquian Indian
land to Britain. This angered the great chief Pontiac. Pontiac, leader of a
league of 18 Algonquian-speaking tribes, began a campaign against the British.
1763
Proclaimation of 1763 :-This proclaimation established the
settlements of eastern North America as British colonies. The Proclaimation of
1763 marked boundaries along the Appalachians, separating Indian land from
European settlements and nullifying any "sea-to-sea" claims based on
colonial charters
1763
Paxton Mob descends on Philadelphia :- In the midst
of Pontiac's Rebellion, on December 14, 1763, a mob from Paxton, Pennsylvania,
raided a tribe of peaceful Conestoga Indians, setting fire to their village and
killing six. The mob's purpose was to seek revenge against all Indians, whether
or not they were allied with Pontiac.
1764
Release of hostages negotiated :- A year after
the conclusion of the French and Indian War, Colonel Henry Bouquet is show here
negotiating the return of hostages taken by Ohio Indians.
1772
Paxton Mob descends on Philadelphia :- Samson Occom
(1723-92) was a Mohegan Indian who studied for four years under Eleazer
Wheelock, a New England missionary to the Iroquois. Above is an address
proselytizing for Christianity and condemning alcohol consumption, which
traders encouraged indulgence in by the Indians as proof of their depravity.
1775
Territorial Growth (Texas)
1777
Revolutionary War :- During the
Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the Iroquois League, along with some other
Indian groups, sided with the British against the Americans. In the summer of
1777, British General John Burgoyne marched south down the Hudson from Canada
to Albany.
1789
Treaty signed at Fort Harmar :- For the
Indians of the old Northwest, between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, the end
of the Revolutionary War did not end the fighting. The Wyandot tribe, for
example, had sided with the British during the war, and they did not
wholeheartedly support American treaties signed at Forts McIntosh(1785) and
Finney(1786). A treaty signed at Fort Harmar (shown here) in 1789 by the
Wyandot, Delaware, Potawatomi,Ottawa, and Sauk tribes confirmed the land
cession and payment terms of these earlier treaties.
1794
Battle of Fallen Timbers:- After the
American Revolution, British fur traders secretly incited the Indians to wage
war against the invading settlers throughout the territory just east of the
Missouri River. In two of these outbreaks, Little Turtle led his tribes to
victory, first against General Josiah Harmar in 1790 and then against General
Arthur St. Clair in 1791. In 1794, however, convinced that his people were not
sufficiently equipped to withstand the increased forces of General
"Mad" Anthony Wayne, he advised peace. The tribes refused to hear of
it and suffered a crushing defeat at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The
following year Little Turtle was compelled to sign the Treaty of Greenville,
one of several land-ceding treaties forced on the Indian tribes of that area in
the 1790s
1795
Treaty of Greenville :-After the
American Revolution, British fur traders secretly incited the Indians to wage
war against the invading settlers throughout the territory just east of the Missouri
River. In two of these outbreaks, Little Turtle led his tribes to victory,
first against General Josiah Harmar in 1790 and then against General Arthur St.
Clair in 1791. In 1794, however, convinced that his people were not
sufficiently equipped to withstand the increased forces of General
"Mad" Anthony Wayne, he advised peace. The tribes refused to hear of
it and suffered a crushing defeat at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The
following year Little Turtle was compelled to sign the Treaty of Greenville,
one of several land-ceding treaties forced on the Indian tribes of that area in
the 1790s.
Continue
to the nineteenth century